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Chapitre D'ouvrage Année : 2018

Lipids From Microalgae

Résumé

In this chapter, we propose to describe the major cellular lipids and their fatty acids in microalgae. This development will concern both prokaryotes (cyanophytes) and eukaryotes (diatoms, chlorophytes, cryptophytes, rhodophytes, …). The different types of lipids (particularly fatty acids) will be listed, but also the sterols, glycolipids, and phospholipids knowing that the accumulation of lipids depends on the microalgal species, growth, and environmental conditions. The neutral lipids or nonpolar lipids other than triacylglycerides, such as sterols and free fatty acids, are present at lower levels but these lipids are of great interest for the valorization of microalgae in aquaculture, nutrition, or biofuel production. Polar lipids, such as glycolipids or betaine lipids (BL) will be studied more specifically. Moreover, BL and some unusual lipids may be characteristic of a particular genus or species. BL represent a widespread class of functional and structural lipids that have been slowly studied and recognized. During stress conditions such as phosphorus deprivation, these lipids can completely replace the phospholipids in their metabolic role. Then, we will focus on the specific role played by the subcellular fractions of lipids involved in the constitution of diatoms and especially the role played by the plastids and the endoplasmic reticulum compartments in which polyunsaturated fatty acids and polar lipids are specifically synthesized.
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Dates et versions

hal-02303530 , version 1 (02-10-2019)

Identifiants

Citer

Virginie Mimouni, Aurélie Couzinet-Mossion, Lionel Ulmann, Gaëtane Wielgosz-Collin. Lipids From Microalgae. Microalgae in Health and Disease Prevention, Elsevier, pp.109-131, 2018, ⟨10.1016/B978-0-12-811405-6.00005-0⟩. ⟨hal-02303530⟩
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